Saturday, 31 December 2011

Jottings from the Tropics: 31 Dec 2011


Overnight rain has stirred up the frogs. Although the striped marsh frogs (Limnodynastes peroni) have been calling for weeks, other species are slower to respond. Now the green-eyed tree frogs (Litoria serrata) have joined in. Green-eyes were previously known as Litoria genimaculata — or Litoria genimac to those of us who are simultaneously pedantic enough to use Latin names yet too lazy to say them in full — but that title is now reserved for a New Guinea species. Litoria serrata does not take truncation well, but the name is still only seven syllables, so it comes out even in the end. 

It is not yet wet enough for the orange-thighed tree frog (Litoria xanthomera), which breeds in pools in and adjacent to the rainforest. Litoria xanthomera was split from the more southerly red-eyed tree frog (Litoria chloris) in 1986. And it was a sad day for the linguistically idle when that happened.

-  o O o  -

There are now two choirs of cicadas. The golden emperors (Anapsaltoda pulchra) kick off in the late afternoon with their intricate and melodic songs. Although they do not appear to be coordinated beyond starting and stopping at roughly the same time, the sound is not at all like my old school orchestra. In fact, it is quite pleasant. Especially when contrasted with the northern greengrocers (Cyclochila virens) that follow at dusk. These jolly loud green giants make up in volume what they lack in complexity. I like to think of their chorus as the greengrocers’ cacophony.

 -  o O o  -

Red-legged pademelons are not talkative mammals. They have a small repertoire of vocalisations, including hisses, clicks and coughs. Joeys also make contact with their mothers with a short ‘sneeze’. It is quite unlike any other sound and carries some distance through the forest.

On Wednesday morning, I heard Crinkle Cut’s joey calling for her mum. Although joeys spend a lot of time out of sight of their mothers —they are ‘parked’ in the forest while the adult forages — they often remain within hearing distance. That morning, Crinkle Cut’s joey could not contact her mother and was getting agitated.

She continued to call throughout the day and then into the night, doing circuits of the rainforest edge. The little joey would hop for a few metres, call and wait for her mum to come. This continued for more than twelve hours. But her mother did not come and she finally went to sleep in the small hours.

The joey continues to call, but with decreasing frequency. She comes out at night and in the late morning to feed in the spots where she foraged with her mother. Rain had made the grass grow and knocked down leaves from the trees, so food is not in short supply.

I last saw Crinkle Cut on Tuesday. As she had been daily visitor to the house for two and a half years — occasionally trying to raid the kitchen bin — I can only think that she is now dead. Perhaps killed by a python, which is not unknown, but more likely by human agency, which is the more common fate of wild animals here. 

I am not fond of people who nail up signs proclaiming their love for the environment and then drive recklessly and let their dogs run free in the rainforest. On the whole, I think I prefer the pademelons.

Crinkle Cut and Pip in mid-December



Spotting catbirds


 
Although the spotted catbird is a conspicuous part of the Wet Tropics avifauna, the species was not described from Australia. Alfred Russel Wallace collected specimens of these and many other species of birds, insects and land snails on the Aru Islands in the Arafura Sea and sent them to British Museum. (Wallace’s work on the Aru Islands led to his first systematic study of biogeography.)

Ornithologist George Gray named the species Ptilonorhynchus melanotis, acknowledging a relationship with the satin bowerbird (P. violaceus). It was subsequently shifted to Ailuroedus alongside the southern green catbird (A. crassirostris). The first Australian spotted catbird was not collected for seventeen years after Wallace’s expedition to the Aru Islands, when Kendall Broadbent sent specimens from Rockingham Bay to the Australian Museum. Edward Ramsay described the Queensland form as a new species, Aeluroedus maculosus. Ramsay’s species is now considered one of two Australian subspecies of Ailuroedus melanotis. (The other is A. melanotis joanae from eastern Cape York Peninsula.)

Not that this matters one jot to the spotted catbirds. The ones in my garden spend their days looking for food and engaging in musical battles over territories. (I use the term ‘musical’ very loosely.) They are almost certainly sitting on eggs, if not already feeding nestlings. I suspect the latter because they have resumed their mugging activities on the pademelons. They are yet to take on the brush turkeys, but that will happen once the nestlings grow big enough. It is definitely a jungle out there.


References

Gray, G.R. (1858) A list of the birds, with descriptions of new species, obtained by Mr Alfred R. Wallace in the Aru and Ke Islands. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1858: 169 – 198.

Ramsay, E.P. (1874). Descriptions of five new species of birds from Queensland, and of the egg of Chlamydodera maculata. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1874: 601 – 605.

Friday, 30 December 2011

Jottings from the Tropics: 30 Dec 2011


The monsoon low formerly known as Tropical Cyclone Grant has cleared Cape York Peninsula and is now over the Coral Sea. There is a vague possibility that the system will reintensify during the weekend, but whatever it does, it will continue to track east and become Somebody Else’s Problem. 

Given the frequency with which cyclones form in Australian waters, the meteorologists at the cyclone centre must have an interesting time coming up with names. Doubly so for those who are new parents. The next name on the list is Heidi. After that, Iggy. Will we get as far as Tropical Cyclone Narelle this season?

-  o O o  -

Brisk south-easterlies are knocking down branches. The blue quandongs are particularly susceptible. They shed limbs under such mild conditions that it is surprising they manage to spread out at all.  One flatulent possum could take out half the canopy.

A branch dropped near me during my morning stroll down the driveway. When I picked it up, I noticed that yet another stinging tree had sprouted through the leaf litter and would have to be removed. I am designing a stinging tree extractor modelled on the army bomb disposal robot. 

-  o O o  -

Before returning to the garden, I donned a safety helmet. It is bright yellow — safety yellow — to make it easier for ambulance officers to find me under a pile of quandong branches dislodged by a dyspeptic ringtail.

Since I’ve been wearing this helmet, the brush turkeys have treating me with what I can only describe as diffidence. I believe the expanse of yellowness — of a similar shade to the male turkey’s wattle — has them cowed. When the weather gets cooler, I wil test this hypothesis by wearing a red balaclava and a yellow cravat and recording the outcome.

Flowering gingerly


When I go to Cairns — which is hardly ever, because it is hot and full of people — I usually visit the Flecker Botanical Gardens. Although quite small, the Gardens have some excellent displays, including an extensive  collection of gingers and heliconias.

If I had space to grow exotics, I'd start a similar collection. Until that time, I'm happy to enjoy the fans of native gingers along the forest edge.

Booroogum or pleated ginger (Alpinia arctiflora) is flowering at the moment. It is a favourite of the tooth-billed bowerbird, who snips off the ripple-edged leaves to decorate his arena just at the back of the house. [Note: Plant misidentified as A. caerulea in that post.] This bird is particular about not only the species used in his display, but also the quality of the leaves. He harvests them from a small number of individual plants, considering them carefully before taking them away.

I'm not sure if the booroogum is commonly cultivated, but it would be a splendid plant for a moist and shady spot. Preferably one free of leaf-snipping bowerbirds. The flowers are short-lived, especially when battered by rain, but are splendid while they last.

Only a few flowers open at a time


At the edge of the forest


Surviving competitors


Surviving the rain


Pleated or rippled leaves


Distribution of Alpinia arctiflora
© 2009 Council of Heads of Australasian Herbaria Inc.